python – 从defaultdict获取原始密钥集

有没有办法从defaultdict获取原始/一致的密钥列表,即使请求了非现有密钥？

from collections import defaultdict
>>> d = defaultdict(lambda: 'default',{'key1': 'value1','key2' :'value2'})
>>>
>>> d.keys()
['key2','key1']
>>> d['bla']
'default'
>>> d.keys() # how to get the same: ['key2','key1']
['key2','key1','bla']

解决方法

>>> [i for i in d if d[i]!=d.default_factory()]
['key2','key1']

时间与Jean建议的方法比较,

>>> def funct(a=None,b=None,c=None):
...     s=time.time()
...     eval(a)
...     print time.time()-s
...
>>> funct("[i for i in d if d[i]!=d.default_factory()]")
9.29832458496e-05
>>> funct("[k for k,v in d.items() if v!=d.default_factory()]")
0.000100135803223
>>> ###storing the default value to a variable and using the same in the list comprehension reduces the time to a certain extent!
>>> defa=d.default_factory()
>>> funct("[i for i in d if d[i]!=defa]")
8.82148742676e-05
>>> funct("[k for k,v in d.items() if v!=defa]")
9.79900360107e-05

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